초록 일부
Rehabilitation has recently emerged as a new correctional philosophy in many developed countries after a gradual change in the Philosophy of corrections. Social treatment such as open facilities or o...
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Rehabilitation has recently emerged as a new correctional philosophy in many developed countries after a gradual change in the Philosophy of corrections. Social treatment such as open facilities or outside work programs has been extensively used in the developed countries. And social treatment has been generally successful in effectively rehabilitating inmates. In an attempt to adopt the philosophy of social treatment, furlough, outside work-training programs used in korea.
Chapter2 shows the basic principle of the treatment inmates and the process that its theories have changed. Particularly, the change of theories in America focuses on the justice model which emerged according to the decline of rehabilitation theory and emphasized on the rules and order. Selective incapacitation policy under this justice model, appearing to solve the overcrowding of prisons, is to assure social security by selecting dangerous criminals and confining them in institution. This policy for social security requires observation and control toward the inmates under the community treatment, and electronic monitoring is one way to meet this request.
Social treatment refers to a series of treatment methods that are different from the traditional correctional method in closed facilities. It was originally developed as remedies for solving many problems raised by the traditional closed treatment. The purpose of social treatment was often said to make circumstances of inmates as similar to as those of conventional social life. Various types of social treatment were developed in many other countries. And empirical studies generally showed that many of the social treatment methods were very effective in rehabilitating criminal offenders.
There were several different types of social treatment. They were open facilities, outside work programs, furlough, weekend imprisonment, conjugal visits, self-governing system, social review, joint meeting, guidance center, and etc..
Literature review on the social treatments has been done for countries such as United States, England, Switzerland, and Japan.
Some issues concerning insufficiency of regulatory laws, reactions of ordinary citizen, unequal treatment, and escape were discussed in this section as problems often occurring in implementing social treatment.
Empirical study was conducted to examine the current practices of administering an open facility, a guidance center for prospective parolees, outside work program, and furlough program.
Punishment against inmates who have attempted to escape should be clearly defined and expressed in the Criminal Law. It is recommended that correctional officers should not be fully responsible for the inmates escape unless the escape is made by the apparent faults of correctional officers or helped by them.
Currently, a self-governing committee is formed and operated inmates in social treatment facilities. Special pPlans should be devised for the more active operation of the self-governing committee, who could help the inmates to promote the self-control abilities and to learn the habits of autonomous social life.
Currently, it is not easy for many prospective parolees to get adequate training and education because of the short 2 month-period program and the lack of guidance centers. More guidance centers should be newly established in order for all prospective parolees to receive adequate training and eduation. It is recommended that at least one guidance center should be established for each of four Regional Correction Headquarters.
The period of training at a guidance center should be extended from 2 months to at least 3 months. At the same time, more efforts should be made to develop diverse training programs and sufficient budgets should be allocated.
Majority of inmates(87%) who are currently under outside work programs are placed in closed facilities rather than in open facilities. Thus, it is very important to more the living conditions for such inmates.
Separated facilities must be provided for inmates under outside work program, Self-governing committees should be revitalized to active. And programs for routine activities must be developed in such a way as to promote the self-confidence among the inmates under outside work program.
At the same time, more inmates should be given chances to be involved in outside work programs that can help not only the inmates in adjusting to social life but also outside employers who want more workers. But jobs should be so carefully selected as to help the inmates after their releases and also to cause little problems in administering the programs.
Cooperation from employers outside is also required. The employers may need to understand that inmates would get a lot of help from working at their companies and that employers themselves are important members of correctional community.
It was 1962 when furlough program was first initiated in korea. As of December, 1998, about 11,700 persons have received furlough since then. But annual recipients are about 450 persons on average, which is just 2 percent of total annual inmates. Such a low percent suggests that furlough has been relatively rarely used in korea.
Thus, furlough program should be used more extensively. In particular, furlough can be adopted as one of the most educational programs for prospective parolees who are under a lengthy training program.
It seems necessary to consider conjugal visits as one of the social treatment programs, It is suggested that conjugal visits would be tried to inmates of social treatment and then they also could be used for exemplary inmates of long-term incarcerations.
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